Space-saving damper providing large damping force Advantages Compact equipment providing relatively large resistance force saves space and facilitates installation to increase spatial design freedom. LED can be designed to suit the scale of the building and vibration damping required. For cyclic motion, stable damping performance can be maintained. Lead is highly durable, does not fatigue and requires no maintenance. It can also be used as a vibration control system for large equipment. Typical installation (brace) Structure A vibration control system, using the plastic flow of lead, consists of a lead filled cylinder with an internal bulged rod. LED transfers inter-storey displacement induced by earthquake or wind, to the motion of a bulged rod sliding inside a lead-filled cylinder. It absorbs vibration energy using the internal friction of deforming lead. Basic Features This chart shows the relationship between force and displacement when LED is subjected to extreme deformation as would be expected in a major earthquake. Design values concur closely with physical measurements of performance, demonstrating high accuracy of the design method. Characteristic restoring force of LED are shown by two lines (bi-linear model). This characteristic makes structural modelling relatively simple. Test Speed characteristic Test Performance testing of the LED showed that a stable damping function can be obtained during displacement caused by small low speed vibrations to large high speed shaking, demonstrating excellent control of vibrations induced by wind as well as major earthquakes. Endurance cyclic deformation Test Results of endurance testing of the LED showed no significant changes in damping performance of the LED after 150 cycles of ± 20mm, demonstrating its durability.